Article Courtesy of Keeping Current Matters/The KCM Blog
If you remember the housing
crash back in 2008, you may recall just how popular adjustable-rate
mortgages (ARMs) were back then. And after years of being virtually
nonexistent, more people are once again using ARMs when buying a home.
Let’s break down why that’s happening and why this isn’t cause for
concern.
Why ARMs Have Gained Popularity More Recently
This graph uses data from the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) to show how the percentage of adjustable-rate mortgages has increased over the past few years:
As the graph conveys, after
hovering around 3% of all mortgages in 2021, many more homeowners turned
to adjustable-rate mortgages again last year. There’s a simple
explanation for that increase. Last year is when mortgage rates climbed
dramatically. With higher borrowing costs, some homeowners decided to
take out this type of loan because traditional borrowing costs were
high, and an ARM gave them a lower rate.
Why Today’s ARMs Aren’t Like the Ones in 2008
To put things into perspective,
let’s remember these aren’t like the ARMs that became popular leading
up to 2008. Part of what caused the housing crash was loose lending
standards. Back then, when a buyer got an ARM, banks and lenders didn’t
require proof of their employment, assets, income, etc. Basically,
people were getting loans that they shouldn’t have been awarded. This
set many homeowners up for trouble because they couldn’t pay back the
loans that they never had to qualify for in the first place.
This time around, lending
standards are different. Banks and lenders learned from the crash, and
now they verify income, assets, employment, and more. This means today’s
buyers actually have to qualify for their loans and show they’ll be
able to repay them.
Archana Pradhan, Economist at CoreLogic, explains the difference between then and now:
“Around 60% of
Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (ARM) that were originated in 2007 were low-
or no-documentation loans . . . Similarly, in 2005, 29% of ARM borrowers
had credit scores below 640 . . . Currently, almost all conventional
loans, including both ARMs and Fixed-Rate Mortgages, require full
documentation, are amortized, and are made to borrowers with credit
scores above 640.”
In simple terms, Laurie Goodman at Urban Institute helps drive this point home by saying:
“Today’s Adjustable-Rate Mortgages are no riskier than other mortgage products and their lower monthly payments could increase access to homeownership for more potential buyers.”
Bottom Line
If you’re
worried today’s adjustable-rate mortgages are like the ones from the
housing crash, rest assured, things are different this time.